I love traveling to Ireland because of its: [AP, Garner, and Gregg use the colon here. We have three punctuation issues to consider: Should the ending punctuation at the end of each bullet list be a period, a semicolon, or no punctuation? Example: Hampton, Va. See the stylebook for specific abbreviations. A: Commas in a series are for clarity and prevention of ambiguities. Here is a sampling of frequently asked questions, with examples of AP style used in answers. Clarity and consistency are the building blocks of great content. Careful punctuation also reflects thought and care. Again, these will depend on the specific style you choose (see Title Capitalization Rules by Style section). Ive updated. In our latest quarterly roundup of AP Style reminders, we cover back-to-school terms, travel terminology, and more. . AP Stylebook: Use periods after bullets. A: Use "that" for a thing, "who" for the personal pronoun, although "that" also fits some human references. Considering those rules, these hyphenated words would all be correctly capitalized in titles: In the list above, up, in, on, off, and out are adverbs-not prepositions. Lowercase articles (a, an, the), coordinating conjunctions, and prepositions of four letters or fewer. Q: What is AP's style on the military's don't ask, don't tell policy? The Chicago Manual of Style. Try it with these examples and see if the period makes more sense. Garner calls this "vertical lists punctuated as a sentence." Bullets normally preface unordered list items.7. 48 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<8DCDC806A06A984EB23F9AC6F5FBCE2C><8DCDC806A06A984EB23F9AC6F5FBCE2C>]/Index[28 32]/Info 27 0 R/Length 99/Prev 782230/Root 29 0 R/Size 60/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Although a little old-fashioned, some people like to use semicolons or commas in lists. AP Stylebook recommends: "Capitalize the first word following the dash or bullet. Below you'll find information on numbers, time and dates, locations, phone numbers, punctuation, capitalization and titles, and the Internet. By far, this is the most vexing punctuation issue! Does this help? First, it is important to note that there are four main title capitalization styles: Chicago style, APA style, MLA style, and AP style. Use a period after every bullet point that completes the introductory stem. The two major capitalization styles for headlines and titles are sentence case and title case. Example: There are anumber of tags used in HTML, including: RULE: Its not necessary to use periods after short phrases or single words in alist, if the introductory statement is grammatically complete (see below) or if the listed items are like those on an inventory sheet or ashopping list. It's like APA style in that you capitalize the first word after a colon if it's the start of at least one complete sentence. An updated list of units of measurement makes finding what you need a breeze. For lists of fragments, short phrases, or words, capitalization is optional: My favorite fruits include: oranges apples bananas dragon fruit My favorite fruits include: Oranges Apples Bananas Dragon fruit As with the other optional punctuation above, though, make sure to use a consistent capitalization style throughout your writing. social connection, in which people text as a way to connect with others; escapism, in which people text to get away from dull or uncomfortable situations such as waiting in line; distraction, in which people text to distract themselves while having a conversation with someone or being in a meeting; audacity, in which people text to get a response from someone, such as to break up with them or ask them on a date; nurturing, in which people text to foster relationships by saying things like good morning or I love you; and. . This is another case where there are no hard rules! Filed Under: Writing Tagged With: AP style, APA style, Chicago style, formatting, grammar, MLA style, punctuation. Your subscription includes the . DO NOT capitalize plural words even when part of a proper name (e.g. The buttons at the bottom let you choose specific case conversion options for the various styles. A: Veterans benefits, lowercase and not a possessive, is usually a descriptive term. You can also use a colon after a partial sentence. To draw visual attention to items in a list without implying that items go in a certain order (e.g., chronology, importance, priority), use a bulleted list. Capitalize the first and the last word of titles and subtitles. Should each point start with a capital letter and end with a period? Q: Should the names of decades be capitalized when written out? document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. This is where the semicolon confusion comes in. So many choices to make! Very helpful stuff! But if youre following AP style, chances are youre overusing those big letters. You have multiple options to capitalize and change the case of your titles, headlines, song titles, book titles, email subjects, and more. The same applies when someone may refer to specific items by number. In AP style, headlines capitalize the first word, proper names, or proper abbreviations, verbs, pronouns, adjectives, and adverbs. Theyre easy to read. 5 simple story types to fill out your editorial calendar, A quick refresher on using minor punctuation marks in AP style, 8 tips on writing and editing from Jerry Seinfeld. When writing an argumentative essay, you would typically research a topic and adopt a certain How to Punctuate and Capitalize Bullet Points. Chicago Manual of Style does not. Let me frame my recommendations. Copyright 2023 Lawrence Ragan Communications, Inc. mar Girls Beginning and Intermediate Guide to AP Style. The Gregg Reference Manual uses periods only after bullets that are dependent clauses and long phrases. %%EOF No periods on the end of a list of bullets unless its more than one sentence. Follow the same capitalization rules you would follow for normal sentences. It's hard for some people to wrap their heads around this rule, especially if each . Titles. But if you are using a style guide, you may want to check it for guidance on which style to use. AP flags such cases atop the story with an editor's note. Only use it to avoid ambiguity, if part of the series contains a conjunction or if you have a complex series of phrases. Q: Should diseases also known by acronyms such as PTSD be capitalized? Bulleted lists. Bulleted lists may be comprised of complete sentences or phrases. Geography, addresses (state names, regions: Mideast; Northwest; northeast Minnesota; 1600 Pennsylvania Ave.; Fifth Avenue ). This option is helpful for complex or longer bulleted sentences that may be more difficult to read without the aid . Zip Airline offers These include short words and conjunctions: The other major type of title capitalization standard is sentence case. Dates, time, eras (July 4, 2008; 9 a.m.; the Great Depression ), Q: When referring to a time span, I never know when to use a dash to separate the two times (ex. Young adults have many motivations for texting on their smartphones: Further information about bulleted lists is available in the Publication Manual, including how to format lists of definitions in a glossary. No italics. 1 ). Capitalize words with four or more letters (including conjunctions and prepositions). Capitalization and end punctuation depend on the type of list and the contents of the list. Welcome to Ask the Editor, a forum on writing, style and phrasing issues that go beyond the pages of the AP Stylebook. Q: Is there a standard AP style for bulleted areas of text? endstream endobj 32 0 obj <>stream Punctuation Proven techniques for attention grabbing headlines & titles. The Best 2023 AP Style Cheat Sheet Every Writer Needs (Free Download) Ben Sailer Content. Q: Is there a standard AP style for bulleted areas of text? In the example above, the first two list items end with a semicolon because the second list item has internal commas. Do you need a colon to introduce a list? Capitalize the first word in a bullet point and the introduction to the list, but not the rest. Capitalize all words of four letters or more. The following rules apply to MLA headings: AP style capitalization is mainly used by writers for the Associated Press but is also used widely throughout journalism. 205-921-5556. Yes. In most cases, experts recommend that you start each bulleted item with acapital letter. hb```"3VTa`0p4 )x3JH2HgQW(Iz8Nul i@fP!40XE&,0e0v`do`6c $X1)`U&y[#b s .6[ Microsoft and Gregg would capitalize flat and sharp if they appeared in a title (unlike Rule 2). Initial capitalization is preferred for list items that are complete sentences ( Example B) or stand-alone phrases (Examples C and D ). Clean windows with a newspaper and . 1+ 803-479-5092 ntuten@getitwriteonline.com I have a tendency to be very verbose when I write. Understanding what to capitalize in a title is important to make sure that your titles and headlines look correct. Lowercase the second word in a hyphenated compound when it is a prefix or suffix (e.g., Anti-itch,world-wide) or part of a single word. A: AP lowercases civil rights movement. - Use periods, not semicolons, at the end of each section. Topics: Writer's Passport, Writing & Editing. If youre confused about what words to capitalize in a title or headline, we recommend using our title capitalization tool above, but if you want specific capitalization rules, they are as follows. Write a strong thesis statement, compose the body of your essay, complete the introduction, and. Q: Would "crew chief" and "team owner" be capitalized before a name? Awesome sauce! - Capitalize the first word following the dash or bullet. Lists Introduced with a Complete Sentence One exception: email (no hyphen, which reflects majority of usage). Q: Is clarity essentially the only rule determining when a serial comma should be included? But here are a few things you might not realize are actually lowercase in AP style. Thanks for the tips. Next, identify a newsworthy angle and set up your press release's header section. Two new and potentially controversial suggestions when writing bulleted lists are to use dashes instead of bullets and to always use periods (rather than semicolons) at the end of each section, even if it is a phrase and not a sentence. Capitalization (proper nouns: America; proper names: Democratic Party; popular names: Indy 500; compositions: books, movies, operas ). Stay with us.". Problem solved. Infants often display prosocial behaviorthat is, behavior intended to help otherswhen interacting with their parents, as demonstrated in the following examples (Hammond & Drummond, 2019): If bulleted items are words or phrases (but not complete sentences), begin each item with a lowercase letter (except words such as proper nouns). Dont use a period after bullet lists that are not complete sentences or do not complete the opening stem sentence. This is why capitalization of items that make up a list of bullet points is sometimes a matter of style. This is a grammar guide that accompanies our post on how to write better bullet points. If necessary, rewrite the list item so that all items begin with capital letters or all items begin with lowercase words. A: AP lowercases those descriptive titles. Thank you for subscribing to our newsletter! Capitalize the important words in the title, Subordinating conjunctions (when fewer than 5 letters), Coordinating Conjunctions (and, but, for), Capitalize nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs (including. The bullets indicate that I like apples, bananas, and oranges equally. This will convert your text to uppercase. And if so, when? document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); You can also upload a document to get an instant quote. Capitalize the first word of the title/heading and of any subtitle/subheading, Capitalize all major words (nouns, verbs including. 0 Example: You will need to present the following information: Your driver's license. When multiple letters in a title need to be capitalized, use title case capitalization. Bonus: We have some great shortcuts to make your life easier. - Capitalize the first word following the dash or bullet. Infants often display positive emotions when following parents behavioral requests, such as not touching the stove. Input your member identification number. Are we nitpicking punctuation with these considerations of bullet lists? They look good. Semicolons Use in Lists: Items with Internal Punctuation Grammar (essential vs. nonessential clauses; pronouns; subject-verb agreement ), Q: I'm confused on the use of "that" and "who" when talking about groups. Any symbol may be used for the bullets, although small circles or squares are typical software defaults. Numbered and unnumbered lists are more commonly used in scholarly publications. The department prefers bullets, but punctuate them per AP style: After each bullet, capitalize the first letter and use periods at the end of each item. Consider the examples below: A: In this instance, use a plural verb. Bachelor of Arts is capitalized as an academic degree, as are B.A. Numbers One through nine are spelled out, 10 and above are figures (Arabic numerals). Bulleted Lists: Capitalization and Punctuation By Judy Vorfeld Did you know that before the introduction of word processing (via word processors and computers), most publications displayed lists in either outline form or numbered lists. Use periods, not semicolons, at the end of each section or a phrase. This is clear, but AP doesnt fully address when to omit a period at the end of each bullet. I the word Cocaine supposed to be capitalized? hbbd```b``"A$dH\8'$XM7"$c[D& j@H2w 2+: Enter the email you used in your Ragan store purchase. Numbered, lettered, and bulleted lists. AP style provides consistent guidelines for such publications in terms of grammar, spelling, punctuation and language usage. A: AP headlines cap only first word and proper names or proper abbreviations. A: corporate (adj.) always refer to the style guide and doublecheck capitalization recommendations. Right you are. Q: How do I deal with a vulgarity from a movie that is integral to the article I'm writing? Navigating the not-so-hidden treasures of the APA Style website. In general, the following capitalization rules apply across the four styles in title case: Important words in that last bullet generally refer to: Title case is the most common title capitalization for book titles, headlines, articles titles, etc. $;$ExRp" e8CQiQYgKdIw lP"1C[;d,|xk0:[#.kvZ|{wY14\.wCzb`*,a`FK{GQfl!hie "h9e tI*2$"/'O6\a>Zb=01fD?`ZTX7w$\a +!F7X o7N| *&Rp oTF G6eKeJ22N Mb[$er6_oZkh:.jFeX^Lu}]/E.tesv!8;>pi0B@09]l}llx| V:2`zXoyQ% 'w Asthma or some allergies. Following are some questions and answers to use as guidelines: When is it better to use bullets than numbers? This article is a summary of AP style. If that sounds like a lot to remember, think of it this way instead: as a general rule of thumb, any word that's three letters or less should not be capitalized. Q: If using "member of Congress" instead of congressman/congresswoman, should "member" be capitalized? Bulleted lists can be used with complete sentences, phrases, or a combination. Q: Is the age of an inanimate object expressed in numerals or spelled out? persistent psychological distress (Glozier et al., 2010; Lund et al., 2010). When a vertical list follows a full sentence, introduce it with a colon. AP Style - use dashes, capitals and periods. The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA style) recommends only using complete sentences for vertical numbered list items, not incomplete sentences as shown above.6, Unordered lists are united by commonality rather than rank or sequence. Thank you, Sarah! Mr. Heckle and Mr. Jeckle enjoy several feline activities: Like ordered lists, unordered lists that are part of an incomplete introductory sentence are lowercased and punctuated as if each item was inside the sentence.10, People who grew up in the 1980s watched a lot of television, including, The Associated Press Stylebook (AP style) recommends prefacing unordered lists with dashes instead of bullets, although bullets are an acceptable choice for some publications.AP style also recommends punctuating complete and incomplete introductory sentences with a colon and capitalizing the first word in each list item as well as punctuating each list item with a period even if the item is an incomplete sentence.11. Quickly convert your title or text to title case by simply clicking the Title Case button in the tool above. Most often, the text that introduces such lists ends with a colon, as in "The value of . Use all sentences or all. and Ph.D. See "doctor" for an explanation of Dr. as a title for medical doctor on first reference. Take the sentence "She has decided: She won't have surgery to hide the scar.". This post links directly to APA Style topics of interest that users may not even know exist on the website. A: "don't ask, don't tell" policy. Unsubscribe at any time. The phrase "she has decided" warns the reader that the next . To remove a lid from a jar that is stuck: Place the lid under hot water for ten seconds. If the bulleted text is a whole sentence, uppercase the initial letter of the first word and use a period to conclude the paragraph (see "Lists, Part 5: Bulleted Lists" in the APA Style Blog . Some style manuals, such as the AP Stylebook and APA Publication Manual, recommend capitalizing an independent clause after a colon. Because AP recommends the colon and AP is the preferred business writing style guide, I recommend using it consistently in your business writing. Chicago Style is one of the most used and respected headline capitalization methods used in journalism. For lists of fragments, short phrases, or words, capitalization is optional: As with the other optional punctuation above, though, make sure to use a consistent capitalization style throughout your writing. Everyone loves a vertical list. You're not "piling on." The capitalization rules are as follows: Capitalize the first and the last word. 10439 W Royal Palm Rd., Peoria AZ 85345 The capitalization chapter has new guidance on how to write about census divisions and geological formations. Lists, Part 4: Numbered Lists. Now we have bullets. Should the opening stem sentence end with a colon to introduce the bullet lists or use no colon? Subscribe to AP Stylebook Online: AP Stylebook Online is a searchable, customizable guide for writers and editors that is updated throughout the year. A: AP doesn't use italics in news stories. 7. You can also use this tool to do it automatically. AP's style is now to capitalize Black in a racial, ethnic or cultural sense, conveying an essential . Find it. endstream endobj 29 0 obj <> endobj 30 0 obj <>/Border[0 0 0]/Rect[603 407.25 648 420.75]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>><>/Border[0 0 0]/Rect[270.75 387.75 315.75 401.25]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>><>/Border[0 0 0]/Rect[281.25 368.25 318.75 381.75]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>>]/Contents[34 0 R 35 0 R 36 0 R 37 0 R 38 0 R 39 0 R 41 0 R 42 0 R]/CropBox[0 0 792 612]/MediaBox[0 0 792 612]/Parent 26 0 R/Resources<>/Font<>/ProcSets[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Type/Page>> endobj 31 0 obj <>stream in Composition and Rhetoric from the University of New Hampshire. To illustrate the example, youd sayI voted on election day because I want my candidate to win. I voted on election day because I like to exercise my right to vote. I voted on election day because I believe every vote counts.. 4.24.14 AP style rules on state abbreviations updated. While its not wrong and some style guides recommend this, its not the best business writing choice. The first step in the process of how to write an AP style press release is to familiarize yourself with the guidelines. I like apples. Include the dateline - BRYAN-COLLEGE STATION, Jan. 1, 2022; . This post deserves a standing ovation. My name is Erin. Capitalize My Title requires JavaScript to be enabled in order to run. Once again, complete sentences introducing unordered lists are traditionally punctuated with a colon. Punctuating every introduction with a colon and every list item with a period regardless of other structural issues (such as complete versus incomplete introductory sentences and list-item formatting) could potentially decrease flow and readability. I recommend APs style guidance for end punctuation: All of these recommendations follow AP, but one clarification is needed. This guidance has been expanded from the 6th edition. Bulleted lists help make information more scannable and easier to understand. This is usually done when each list entry finishes an introductory phrase, as shown below: Subscribe to our newsletter and get writing tips from our editors straight to your inbox. It is the same across all of the four styles. Semicolon Use in Lists A properly inserted semicolon helps to provide pause and clarifying separation in sentences. It is the indispensable reference for writers, editors, proofreaders, indexers, copywriters, designers, and publishers, informing the editorial canon with sound, definitive advice. 2-5 p.m.) and when to use the word "to"? 28 0 obj <> endobj In business writing, capitalize the first letter and keep bullet list punctuation clean. Its illogical to use semicolons and vertical lists punctuated as sentences in business writing because its visually cluttered so its harder to scan. Inconsistent punctuation; Sometimes the grammar isn't parallel between items. If you left caps lock on accidentally, you can quickly convert your title from uppercase to lowercase by selecting the lower button above. Home Style and Grammar Guidelines Lists Lists Just as heading structure alerts readers to the order of ideas in a paper, lists help readers understand a related set of key points within a sentence or paragraph. A: 2-5 p.m. is preferred. The AP Stylebook is a writing and editing reference for newsrooms, classrooms and corporate offices worldwide. 9. Gently tap the lid against a hard surface. Vertical lists can be ordered or unordered and can be introduced by complete or incomplete sentences, all of which affect how the individual list items are capitalized and punctuated. All rights reserved. The capitalization rules are as follows: Learn how to spot the 5 most common mistakes and fix them before you publish. News media (datelines; headlines; newswriting ). A colon adds emphasis, too. APA allows the use of bulleted lists with or without punctuation. Example 1: To see what I mean, read the lead-in word or phrase then read the first item on the list. "The cat's toy" means one cat owns that toy. For more specific title capitalization rules, you can see the following sections which cover each style of title capitalization rules or check out our FAQs for common capitalization questions. Thanks for the catch! Today we'll look at numbered lists. A: a month's confinement, per the QUASI POSSESSIVES section of the "possessives" entry. 6. . Use numbered lists when youre working with instructions to be done in sequence, and the numbers suggest ahierarchy. AP and Chicago Manual of Style - capitalize initial word and use periods after sentence list items. Do it anyway. If you have questions, read our. Individual list items following a complete sentence are usually capitalized but appear without terminal punctuation (i.e., they dont end in a period, comma, colon, or semicolon) if they are incomplete sentences, phrases, or single words.3. We could also write this list with commas instead of semicolons. Capitalize the second word in a hyphenated compound if both words are equal and not suffices or prefixes (e.g., Cost-Benefit), Capitalize the first non-Greek letter after a lowercase Greek letter (e.g., -Bromohexanoic), Lowercase the first non-Greek letter after a capital Greek letter (e.g., -9-tetrahydrocannabinol), Capitalize the genus but not the species epithet. AP style capitalization is mainly used by writers for the Associated Press but is also used widely throughout journalism. Then craft an attention-grabbing headline, write the body of your press release, add the boilerplate section, and distribute your press . The rule of thumb in AP style is that things should be lowercased unless a rule indicates that theyre upper. Lowercase indefinite and definite articles (a, an, the), coordinating conjunctions, and prepositions. Lowercase and spell out when not used with an individual name: The president issued a statement. Include periods after independent clauses, dependent clauses, and long phrases, and also after short phrases or words that are necessary to make the sentence grammatically complete: To register for the Annual Meeting: Go to aad.org. Mary founded Instructional Solutions in 1998, and is an internationally recognized business writing trainer and executive writing coach with two decades of experience helping thousands of individuals and businesses master the strategic skill of business writing. Try it with a list of shorter items like this. If unchecked, quotes will be output as curly quotes. For MBA, AP Style don [t use periods. The capitalization rules are as follows: NY Times style capitalization is mainly used by writers for the NY Times but is also used widely throughout journalism. In business writing, yes, use a colon at the end of the introductory stem sentence. Colon Capitalize the first word after a colon only if it is a proper noun or Bulleted lists: Capitalize the first letter after the bullet. Ive never found the AP Stylebook entry that covers this, including capitalization.. She excels at designing customized business writing training programs to maximize productivity, advance business objectives, and convey complex information. You can quickly convert your text or title to all caps by selecting the UPPER button on the tool. Examples: House Cleaning Tips: Remove items from shelves before dusting. This is a tricky one for me because, personally, I agree with you. While the APs guidelines on this issue are straightforward and easy to remember, they are designed for news publications dealing with limited space and the technical limitations of news wire transmissions. Finally, should you capitalize the first letter of each entry in a vertical list? In this tutorial, well explore guidelines for how to write vertical lists. As an Amazon Associate, CapitalizeMyTitle.com earns from qualifying purchases. However, most people now leave out the extra punctuation. Prepositions that contain five letters or more. RECOMMENDATION: Please avoid usingthe following format: If you write alot of reports and documents with lists, youll always do well if you follow the guidelines above, recognizing the need of the reader to grasp information quickly and easily. Q: Why is atheist not capitalized while Catholics, Muslims, Buddhists, etc., are? A: AP uses dashes, not bullets, for lists in news stories that follow a colon. Bulleted Lists: APA uses bulleted lists to avoid the perception of importance/priority connotated in numbered lists. Use lowercase at all . See APA 7, Section 6.52 for examples and more information. These aren't always the same abbreviations the mail carrier uses. (AP Style reminds writers that it is still correct to use bullets if preferred.) Fax: 205-921-5595 2131 Military Street S Hamilton, AL 35570 View Location [M zmp0&BLp$UPd67Z9Ha{0gPY "nG~h%rls 'wdt;:^2i+>f9V%EQ)j2"^e\KP"TiNc-((V A&N+E}E;SnIP Its visually cluttered, impeding easy scan. If you have a list of full sentences or a list with a mix of full sentences and fragments we suggest capitalizing the first letter in each item. However, in regard to headlines, is it now true that press release headlines should be in sentence case? When do Iuse periods and when do Ileave bulleted items without end punctuation?
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