[41] Since movement was vertical as well as lateral, some coastal areas may have been moved to below sea level. Long-term environmental damage was severe as well, with villages, tourist resorts, farmland, and fishing grounds demolished or inundated with debris, bodies, and plant-killing salt water. 26. Indonesia was the worst affected area, with most death toll estimates at around 170,000. [53] At Manzanillo, Mexico, a 2.6m (8.5ft) crest-to-trough tsunami was measured. She and her boyfriend were both injured but survived. The earliest, lower amplitude signal is that of the compressional (P) wave, which takes about 22 minutes to reach the other side of the planet (the antipode; in this case near Ecuador). [63], The level of destruction was extreme on the northwestern areas of the city, immediately inland of the aquaculture ponds, and directly facing the Indian Ocean. They all said 'Let's go catch fish.' The highest tsunami wave measured was 4m (13ft) at Vilufushi Island. Effect of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake on India - Wikipedia [82] The inundation distance varied between 1,006500m (3,3011,640ft) in most areas, except at river mouths, where it was more than 1km (0.62mi). Polythene bags, king coconut . Lituya Bay, Alaska, July 9, 1958 How did you survive the 2004 tsunami? - Quora What is the tallest tsunami ever recorded? This greatly increased the geographical area over which the waves were observed, reaching as far as Mexico, Chile, and the Arctic. Also, the spread of solid and liquid waste and industrial chemicals, water pollution and the destruction of sewage collectors and treatment plants threaten the environment even further, in untold ways. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. [23] This quake, together with the Great Alaskan earthquake (1964) and the Great Chilean earthquake (1960), account for almost half of the total moment. How tall were the waves in the 2004 tsunami? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. [95], Bangladesh escaped major damage and deaths because the water displaced by the strike-slip fault was relatively little on the northern section of the rupture zone, which ruptured slowly. The waves receded before the first tsunami with the highest fatality reported from the densely populated Alappad panchayat (including the villages of Cheriya Azhikkal and Azhikkal) at Kollam district, caused by a 4m (13ft) tsunami. The first wave came 5 minutes after the earthquake, preceded by a recession of the sea up to 600700m (2,0002,300ft). The second and third waves came in 10-minute intervals after the first. Climb a tree (if you cant head for higher ground). I went out with my other sons and friends to look for my eldest son. Some 37,000 people are missing. The construction of seawalls and breakwaters reduced the power of waves at some locations. I said the prayer into the microphone, so everyone could hear it. The hardest-hit country outside Asia, Sweden, lost 543 tourists, mainly in Thailand. The second and third destructive waves arrived later, which exceeded the height of the coconut trees. [76][pageneeded]. It also benefited from the fact that the earthquake proceeded more slowly in the northern rupture zone, greatly reducing the energy of the water displacements in that region. So many people were running away from the water. In Campbell Bay of Great Nicobar Island, the tsunami waves hit the area three times with an inundation limit of 250500m (8201,640ft). The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". The environmental impact took a long time and significant resources to assess. [162], The changes in the distribution of masses inside the Earth due to the earthquake had several consequences. It has been theorized that the tsunamis were focused and directed at long ranges by the mid-ocean ridges which run along the margins of the continental plates.[54]. [82] A video recorded by locals showed the tsunami flooding the beach and villages, causing despair amongst the villagers. When I woke up again around 10:00, I took my family out for breakfast before I received a phone call from the hospital calling me in for an emergency. The Phi Phi Islands are a group of small islands that were affected by the tsunami. WATCH: Are you a fan of Garden Rescue on BBC starring Charlie Dimmock? Notable people killed in the 2004 Asian tsunami: Jane Attenborough, 49, British arts administrator, daughter of actor Richard Attenborough. Chapter 3, "The matter of money", in Jayasuriya, Sisira and Peter McCawley, "Compilation of videos that show the moment the quake and the subsequent tsunami hit", deadliest natural disasters in recorded history, Thoku, Japan (magnitude 9.1) in March 2011, Countries affected by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, Library damage resulting from the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, Humanitarian response to the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, "Magnitude 9.1 Off the West Coast of Sumatra", "Long-Term Perspectives on Giant Earthquakes and Tsunamis at Subduction Zones", "Astonishing Wave Heights Among the Findings of an International Tsunami Survey Team on Sumatra", "Nannoliths abundance and distribution in tsunami deposits: example from the December 26, 2004 tsunami in Lhok Nga (north-west Sumatra, Indonesia)", "Joint evaluation of the international response to the Indian Ocean tsunami: Synthesis Report", "Indian Ocean tsunami anniversary: Memorial events held", "Indian Ocean Tsunami Economic Aspects", "The Great Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake of 26 December 2004", "Tsunamis and Earthquakes: Tsunami Generation from the 2004 Sumatra Earthquake USGS Western Coastal and Marine Geology", "Analysis of the Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake Reveals Longest Fault Rupture Ever", "Scientists: Sumatra quake longest ever recorded", "Seismology: Earthquake risk on the Sunda trench", "Power of tsunami earthquake heavily underestimated", "Long-term ocean observing for international capacity development around tsunami early warning | U.S. Geological Survey", "Earthquake related tsunami hazard along the western coast of Thailand", "26th December 2004 great SumatraAndaman earthquake: Co-seismic and post-seismic motions in northern Sumatra", "Rupture Properties of the Giant Sumatra Earthquake Imaged by Empirical Green's Function Analysis", "Revised Tectonic Forecast of Global Shallow Seismicity Based on Version 2.1 of the Global Strain Rate Map", "How do you determine the magnitude for an earthquake that occurred prior to the creation of the magnitude scale? The first wave came five minutes after the mainshock (0629 hrs.) What was the magnitude of the earthquake that caused the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004? Oxfam went on to report that as many as four times more women than men were killed in some regions because they were waiting on the beach for the fishers to return and looking after their children in the houses. Even beach resorts in parts of Thailand which were untouched by the tsunami were hit by cancellations. The province of Phang Nga was the most affected area in Thailand. Why were so many buildings destroyed in the 2011 Japanese earthquake? I was shocked and worried since my son had gone to work in Khao Lak [on the mainland coast north of Phuket]. She and her boyfriend were both. Areas with dense coconut groves or mangroves had much smaller inundation distances, and those with river mouths or backwaters saw larger inundation distances. I told my team: 'What a perfect day to be in the sea. Tsunami survey in Andaman and Nicobar group of Islands. [56] However, not all tsunamis cause this "disappearing sea" effect. . 2004 tsunami Tsunami inundation at Khao Lak; the resort area is in the middle . 1400. In many places, the waves reached as far as 2km (1.2mi) inland.[49]. At Phuket Province, the island province's western beaches were struck by the tsunami. No one panicked or worried. Somchai Jitpentom - doctor on diving holiday with his wife. At conservative gathering, Trump is still the favourite. [47][48], According to Tad Murty, vice-president of the Tsunami Society, the total energy of the tsunami waves was equivalent to about 5 megatons of TNT (21PJ), which is more than twice the total explosive energy used during all of World War II (including the two atomic bombs) but still a couple of orders of magnitude less than the energy released in the earthquake itself. 10 People Who Survived Multiple Disasters and Deadly Situations [46], The tsunami, like all others, behaved differently in deep water than in shallow water. The impact of the waves was so severe that four oil tankers were thrown almost 800m (2,600ft) from the seashore near Malacca to the Air force colony main gate. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. The magnitude of the earthquake that caused the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004 was 9.1. The top three worst tsunamis in history are the Sumatran tsunami of 2004, the Thoku tsunami in 2011, and the Lisbon earthquake and tsunami in 1755. The film is called The Impossible and is based on the account of Maria Belton, a survivor of the Boxing Day tsunami in 2004. The tsunami arrived on the island as a small brown-orange-colored flood. Peninsular Malaysia was shielded by the full force of the tsunami due to the protection offered by the island of Sumatra, which lies just off the western coast. According to interviews, the second wave was the largest. [28] The earthquake produced its own aftershocks (some registering a magnitude of as high as 6.1) and presently ranks as the third-largest earthquake ever recorded on the moment magnitude or Richter magnitude scale. 5 Reasons to Update Your Business Operations, Get the Best Sleep Ever in 5 Simple Steps, How to Pack for Your Next Trip Somewhere Cold, Manage Your Money More Efficiently in 5 Steps, Ranking the 5 Most Spectacular NFL Stadiums in 2023. The waves radiated outwards along the entire 1,600km (1,000mi) length of the rupture (acting as a line source). However, others caution that damage to infrastructure is an overriding factor. As at the end of September 2006, there were 150 confirmed British dead and one highly likely to have died, giving a total of 151. Indonesia tsunami: Aftershocks rock Palu day after disaster Maldives Report", "Death toll in Asian tsunami disaster tops 159,000", "Asian tsunami death toll passes 144,000", "Tsunami Evaluation Coalition: Initial Findings", "On the weak impact of the 26 December Indian Ocean tsunami on the Bangladesh coast", "The South Sandwich Islands earthquake of 27 June 1929: seismological study and inference on tsunami risk for the southern Atlantic", "YEMEN: Tsunami damage over US$1 million UNEP assessment", "Helping restore the quality of drinking water after the tsunami". How many buildings did the 2004 tsunami destroy? Local footage recorded showed the tsunami flooding the streets up to knee level in town, while another video taken at the beach showed the tsunami slowly flooding and gradually surging inland. Also asked, how many survived the 2004 tsunami? [17] Although the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center has accepted these new numbers, the United States Geological Survey has, as of 2022, so far not changed its estimate of 9.1. The low-lying island country of Maldives reported more than a hundred casualties and immense economic damage. However, when the seawalls were made of loose stones, the stones were displaced and carried a few metres inland.[79][81][85]. The slip did not happen instantaneously but took place in two phases over several minutes: The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Some people survived . When I first arrived, the local police took me to Wat Yan Yao, where there were thousands of dead bodies waiting to be identified. [73] The degradation of the natural environment in Sri Lanka contributed to the high death tolls. Fortunately, my family and the people in our neighborhood could still manage to escape ourselves from the dark wave that surprisingly strike with its fast pace. The quiet resort town of Khao Lak is located on a stretch of golden sandy beach, famed for its hotels overlooking the Andaman Sea and hilly rainforests. [64][65] Up to four times as many women as men died in the Boxing Day Asian tsunami, according to a report published today by Oxfam International. That morning on Patong beach was very quiet. Footage captured at Koh Lanta showed a wall of water swamping the beach, while another video taken at another location showed a large surfing wave like tsunami approaching the shore, lifting up a yacht and flooding the beach. [93], The tsunami travelled 5,000km (3,100mi) west across the open ocean before striking the East African country of Somalia. When we arrived, it wasn't something I expected. Petra Nemcova, supermodel who survived 2004 Indonesia tsunami, helps rebuild school hit by Hurricane Harvey. 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami | UNICEF USA The Indian Plate is part of the great Indo-Australian Plate, which underlies the Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal, and is moving north-east at an average of 60mm/a (0.075in/Ms). with a marginal drop in sea level. The raising of the seafloor significantly reduced the capacity of the Indian Ocean, producing a permanent rise in the global sea level by an estimated 0.1mm (0.004in).[27]. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Wendall A. Phillips . For example, the folklore of the Onges talks of "huge shaking of ground followed by high wall of water". The tsunami and its aftermath were responsible for immense destruction and loss on the rim of the Indian Ocean. Because of its enormous energy release and shallow rupture depth, the earthquake generated remarkable seismic ground motions around the globe, particularly due to huge Rayleigh (surface) elastic waves that exceeded 10mm (0.4in) in vertical amplitude everywhere on Earth. Approximately 8,000 people were killed. Other aftershocks of up to magnitude 6.6 continued to shake the region daily for three or four months. [citation needed]. Then villagers here started talking about how villages along the beach here were all gone because of the wave. Dont count on roads holding up. In the years since 2004, officials have worked hard to install and improve an Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System. At that moment, everything was crazy. Christine Lang remembers surviving Boxing Day tsunami 10 years ago - CBC Can bowel problems cause urinary problems? It was 3:00 p.m. on Christmas day, 2004 when Stuart Weinstein's pager buzzed in the operations room at the Pacific Tsunami . As I looked toward the shore of the island, I saw one big wave hit the beach and sweep umbrellas and chairs down into the sea. Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004, tsunami that hit the coasts of several countries of South and Southeast Asia in December 2004. In the seaside section of Ulee Lheue, the flow depths were over 9m (30ft). "Ministers Admit Handling of Tsunami Crisis Caused Suffering - Radio Sweden", "Indian Ocean Tsunami Information Center | Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System | What is IOTWS", National Aeronautics and Space Administration, "United Nations: World Food Programme: Report on the Tsunami Crisis", "The Asian Tsunami: Aid and Reconstruction after a Disaster", "The Rise, Fall, and Rebirth of the 'Quad', "The international humanitarian system and the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunamis", "15 tsunami aid staff executed in Sri Lanka", "Book Review: The Killing Sea by Richard Lewis", M9.1 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake & Tsunami, 2004, Asian Tsunami Anniversary Thailand Tsunami Then and Now Comparison Series, Effect of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake on India, International Humanitarian Fact-Finding Commission, Yemen Relief and Reconstruction Foundation, Humanitarian Networks and Partnerships Weeks, United Nations response to the COVID-19 pandemic, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami&oldid=1140970089, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from September 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2018, All Wikipedia articles needing words, phrases or quotes attributed, Wikipedia articles needing words, phrases or quotes attributed from September 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 1530m (4998ft) on the west coast of Aceh, 612m (2039ft) on the Banda Aceh coast, 36m (9.819.7ft) on the north coast of, 3m (9.8ft) on the opposite side of the coast of Weh Island facing the tsunami, 36m (9.819.7ft) along the west coast of Phuket island, 3m (9.8ft) along the south coast of Phuket island, 2m (6ft 7in) along the east coast of Phuket island, 5m (16ft) at Hat Praphat (Ranong Coastal Resources Research Station), 3.4m (11ft) at Kerala, inundation distance of 0.51.5km (0.310.93mi) with 250km (160mi) of coastline affected, 4.5m (15ft) at the southern coastline of Tamil Nadu, inundation distance of 0.22km (0.121.24mi) with 100km (62mi) of coastline affected, 5m (16ft) at the eastern coastline of Tamil Nadu facing tsunami source, inundation distance of 0.41.5km (0.250.93mi) with 800km (500mi) of coastline affected, 4m (13ft) at Pondicherry, inundation distance of 0.22km (0.121.24mi) with 25km (16mi) of coastline affected, 2.2m (7.2ft) at Andhra Pradesh, inundation distance of 0.21km (0.120.62mi) with 985km (612mi) of coastline affected, 5m (16ft) in maximum tsunami height with a run-up of 4.24m (13.9ft) at Chiriyatapu Beach, 5.5m (18ft) in maximum tsunami height and run-up at Corbyn's Cove Beach, 6.6m (22ft) in maximum tsunami height and run-up of 4.63m (15.2ft) at Wandoor Beach, 1.5m (4ft 11in) at Diglipur and Rangat at North Andaman Island, 1012m (3339ft) high at Malacca (in Car Nicobar Island) and at Hut Bay on, 3m (9.8ft) high at Port Blair on South Andaman Island, 1.32.4m (4ft 3in 7ft 10in) at North Male Atoll, Male Island, 2m (6ft 7in) at North Male Atoll, Huhule Island, 1.72.8m (5ft 7in 9ft 2in) at South Male Atoll, Embudhu Finothu, 2.53.3m (8ft 2in 10ft 10in) at Laamu Atoll, Fonadhoo Island, 2.22.9m (7ft 3in 9ft 6in) at Laamu Atoll, Gan Island, 2.33m (7ft 7in 9ft 10in) at North Male Atoll, Dhiffushi Island, 2.22.4m (7ft 3in 7ft 10in) at North Male Atoll, Huraa Island, more than 1.5m (4ft 11in) at North Male Atoll, Kuda Huraa Island, 0.62.3m (2ft 0in 7ft 7in) around the Ayeyarwady delta, Paint the Sky with Stars, Selected Poetry in Remembrance of the Boxing Day Tsunami 2004 (2005) edited by, This page was last edited on 22 February 2023, at 18:17. Almost all of the Onge people seemed to have survived the tsunami. On the island of Pulau Weh, strong surges were experienced in the port of Sabang, yet there was little damage with reported runup values of 35m (9.816.4ft), most likely due to the island being sheltered from the direct attack by the islands to the south-west. 1,720 foot Between 1998-2017, tsunamis caused more than 250 000 deaths globally, including more than 227 000 deaths due to the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004. [36], The earthquake generated a seismic oscillation of the Earth's surface of up to 200300mm (812in), equivalent to the effect of the tidal forces caused by the Sun and Moon. How many U joints does a driveshaft have? It also slightly changed the shape of the Earth, specifically by decreasing Earth's oblateness by about one part in 10 billion, consequentially increasing Earth's rotation a little and thus shortening the length of the day by 2.68 microseconds.[163]. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". That's when I realised something serious had happened. What characteristics allow plants to survive in the desert? We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. On 9 February 2005, President Bush asked Congress to increase the U.S. commitment to a total of US$950 million. [86] In Chuckchucha and Lapati, the tsunami arrived in a three-wave cycle with a maximum tsunami wave height of 12m (39ft). These tales and oral folklore from previous generations may have helped the survival of the inhabitants. [21], Indonesia lies between the Pacific Ring of Fire along the north-eastern islands adjacent to New Guinea, and the Alpide belt that runs along the south and west from Sumatra, Java, Bali, Flores to Timor. Such approaches to ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction appear to be most successful when local communities are closely involved as stakeholders throughout the process, and when careful attention is paid to the physical conditions of chosen sites to ensure that mangroves can thrive there. This rare sight reportedly induced people, especially children, to visit the coast to investigate and collect stranded fish on as much as 2.5km (1.6mi) of exposed beach, with fatal results. The flow depth at the city was just at the level of the second floor, and there were large amounts of debris piled along the streets and in the ground-floor storefronts. How did the people of andaman survive the 2004 tsunami? [156] In response, the Indian Minister of Home Affairs announced that a fresh onslaught of deadly tsunami was likely along the southern Indian coast and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, even as there was no sign of turbulence in the region. Natural Warnings [5][71], The island country of Sri Lanka, located about 1,700km (1,100mi) from Sumatra, was ravaged by the tsunami around 2 hours after the earthquake. On March 11, 2011, a man in Klamath River, Calif., died after he was swept away by a second wave while taking pictures of the Japan tsunami, Lopes said. A 1,720 foot tsunami towered over Lituya Bay, a quiet fjord in Alaska, after an earthquake rumbled 13 miles away. According to official estimates in India, 10,749 people were killed, 5,640 people were missing and thousands of people became homeless when a tsunami triggered by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake near the Indonesian island of Sumatra struck the southern coast on 26 December 2004. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands appear to have shifted south-west by around 1.25m (4ft 1in) and to have sunk by 1m (3ft 3in). As the flood got closer, it started to pick up speed. So I closed my eyes, prayed, and prepared to die. Sat 26 Mar 2005 07.50 EST. However, tourists were reluctant to do so for psychological reasons. Some believe that the tsunami was divine punishment for lay Muslims shirking their daily prayers or following a materialistic lifestyle. 2023 BBC. What I saw at first was just a flash flood that brought a massive amount of water. CA License # A-588676-HAZ / DIR Contractor Registration #1000009744 Its over 1,700-foot wave was the largest ever recorded for a tsunami. [citation needed]. In Indonesias Aceh province in Northern Sumatra, waves reached 167 feet (51 meters) and caused flooding up to three miles (five kilometers) inland. The military started to bring in containers to keep the bodies in. [82] Given the enormous power of the tsunami, the fishing industry suffered the greatest. The second wave was the strongest. [45] Unlike data from tide gauges installed on shores, measurements obtained in the middle of the ocean can be used for computing the parameters of the source earthquake without having to compensate for the complex ways in which proximity to the coast changes the size and shape of a wave. Kristina Frjmark, 47, Swedish reality TV star. In 2004, a tsunami triggered by an earthquake off the Indonesian island of Sumatra killed 226,000 people across the Indian Ocean, including more than 120,000 in Indonesia. When I arrived, I saw staff floating face down in the water that flooded the basement of the building. Affected or destroyed towns on the region's north and east coast were Pidie Regency, Samalanga, Panteraja, and Lhokseumawe. As I stepped into the temple, I could smell dead bodies the way I never had before in my life. Finally it hit street level and the water continued to rise. All of a sudden, we lost the power and we felt the earthquake. The direct results caused major disruptions to living conditions and commerce in coastal provinces of surrounded countries, including Aceh (Indonesia), Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu (India) and Khao Lak (Thailand). The northern section of the Sunda megathrust ruptured over a length of 1,300km (810mi). This is unusual since earthquakes of magnitude eight or more occur only about once per year on average. [38] It also caused the Earth to minutely "wobble" on its axis by up to 25mm (1in) in the direction of 145 east longitude,[39] or perhaps by up to 50 or 60mm (2.0 or 2.4in). Its best to be on the landward side of the house, away from windows. Thailand was struck about two hours later despite being closer to the epicentre because the tsunami travelled more slowly in the shallow Andaman Sea off its western coast. Mara Beln [20] Splay faults, or secondary "pop up faults", caused long, narrow parts of the seafloor to pop up in seconds. Traduzioni in contesto per "alla catastrofe dello tsunami" in italiano-inglese da Reverso Context: La TEC rappresenta uno sforzo di collaborazione tra le organizzazioni che si occupano degli aiuti al fine di trarre insegnamenti dalla risposta fornita alla catastrofe dello tsunami. A major aftershock (magnitude 7.1) can be seen at the closest stations starting just after the 200-minute mark. Also, Italy offered US$95 million, increased later to US$113 million of which US$42 million was donated by the population using the SMS system[167]
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