The tendency to favor one's own ethnic group over other groups is called. Right-wing authoritarianism, left-wing authoritarianism, and pandemic-mitigation authoritarianism. For example, when our awareness of our attitudes and of our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing our attitudes, adjusting ones behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard, influence resulting from a persons desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval, influence resulting from ones willingness to accept others opinions about reality, stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others, the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable, the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity, the enhancement of a groups prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group. Most people also identify as members of certain groups but not others. A change in behavior following a demand from an authority figure. It generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action. The theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognition) are inconsistent. p.)\left.p.\right)p.). Raised in a society that places a premium on individual achievement and uniqueness, Americans seem to develop a tendency to focus on the characteristics of the individual in making attributions. Being audience-centered means a speaker must sacrifice what she or he really believes to get a favorable response from . CHAPTER 12: CULTURE Multiple Choice 1. Explaining behaviors based on outside factors influencing and individual. Social comparison and social identity: Some prospects for intergroup behaviour. "Oh, no, never," the woman said. An example of the fundamental attribution error is illustrated in our tendency to underestimate the extent to which others' behavior is influenced by: Politicians who publicly oppose a tax increase that they privately favor best illustrate that, That actions may sometimes be inconsistent with attitudes, The impact of our actions on our attitudes is best illustrated by, The set of prescribed behaviors associated with a particular social position is best described as, Philip Zimbardo devised a simulated prison and randomly assigned college students to serve as prisoners or guards. Explanation: It is not true that narcissism is the tendency to view one's own culture or group as superior to others. The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them. Blatant bias is not a thing of the past, however. Women are in poverty and are uneducated more. In S. T. Fiske, D. T. Gilbert, & G. Lindzey (Eds.). frustration-aggression principle., The tendency to favor one's own group, the group with whom we share a common identity, is called: a. a social trap. Only when research participants were informed that a woman was raped did they perceive the woman's behavior as inviting rape. This is an especially useful way to measure potential biases because it does not simply ask people to openly report on the extent to which they discriminate against others. Employees were reimbursed when they presented petty cash vouchers to the petty cash custodian. Because the attributes of group categories can be either good or bad, we tend to favor the groups with people like us and incidentally disfavor the others. People have always and still do openly dehumanize outgroup members and harbor hostile attitudes toward them. The stereotype content model attends to two major dimensions of evaluating other people: warmth and competence. His increasing hostility can best be explained in terms of, In laboratory experiments, merely observing someone receive painful electric shocks leads viewers to think less of the victim. c. the social-responsibility norm. c. deindividuation. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like social identity theory observations, Reza is a male, Muslim, and Persian. This experiment was designed to study the factors that contribute to, The affectionate attachment that keeps a relationship going after passionate feelings cool is known as, Natasha and Dimitri have a fulfilling marital relationship because they readily confide their deepest hopes and fears to each other. ethnocentrism.d. c. romantic love In the context of the relationship between religion and racial prejudice, if one defines religiousness as church membership, then the more religious people have ________. The girls' belief best illustrates: Daniel does not get the desired salary hike during his annual appraisal. the tendency to favor one's own group quizlet the tendency to favor one's own group quizlet. These blatant biases tend to run in packs: People who openly hate one outgroup also hate many others. Outgroup bias is the tendency to dislike or belittle members of groups that we don't identify with. Answer 23:- Ethnocentrism is the tendency to view one's own cultu . a. deindividuation. The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next. Dispositional (Internal) Attribution Theory. Hanna overcriticizes him for minor errors. His reaction most clearly illustrates one of the dynamics involved in, An expectation that people will help those who depend on them is known as the, Two conflicting groups who share the same negative views of one another demonstrate. This best illustrates the perceived value of, The tragic murder of Kitty Genovese outside her New York apartment stimulated social-psychological research on. This activity was created by a Quia Web subscriber. A) the tendency to favor members of one's own group. c. offering them opportunities to play violent video games when they feel angry. In terms of basic social categories, the members of Nestor's cross-country ski club are the _____ and the members of the downhill ski club are the _____. Take the IAT. Psychology. What roles do the evoked set, inert set, and inept set take part in a consumer's information search? At its heart, SDO rests on a fundamental belief that the world is tough and competitive with only a limited number of resources. Also called the cross-race effect and the own-race bias: just-world phenomenon scapegoat theory: the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame. C) selective perception. C) Having an unreasonable fear of those who are different from you. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. This best illustrates that victim blaming is fueled by: 2022. Black people tend to dress pretty much alike. But when he noticed several adults walk past the man, he concluded that the man did not need any help. Overgeneralized beliefs about a group of people that often underlie prejudicial emotions are called, Studies of implicit attitudes indicate that prejudice is often, Prejudice can be not only subtle but also automatic and unconscious. Next, categorization can also lead to prejudice. social class, family, football team etc.) This reaction is best explained in terms of: After the events of 9/11, some Americans began boycotting Arab-American stores and lashing out at any person they perceived as Middle Eastern. B) become more extreme in their opinions following group discussion. 33. These two simple dimensionswarmth and competencetogether map how groups relate to each other in society. His action is best explained in terms of the, Aggression-replacement programs are most likely to advise parents to avoid, In contrast to watching violence on television, participating in violent video games involves, The mere exposure effect refers to the fact that people. Bodenhausen, G. V., & Peery, D. (2009). Female 1: I have my ups and downs just like anybody else. Do you or someone you know believe that group hierarchies are inevitable? An unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members. a. desensitizing them to violent acts. Indicate the amount of expenses (if any) the firm recognizes during the months of June, July, and August in each of the following hypothetical transactions. Representativeness Heuristic The tendency to make judgments about group membership based on physical appearances or the match between a person and one's stereotype of a group rather than on available base rate information. As a result, outgroup disliking stems from this in-group liking (Brewer & Brown, 1998). a. deindividuation. Reduction in feelings of personal burden in the presence of others. Thus, those high inSDO see groups as battling each other for these resources, with winners at the top of the social hierarchy and losers at the bottom (see Table 1). This best illustrates, Social loafing referes to the tendency for people to, Exert less effort when they pool their efforts toward a common goal. . The tendency to judge that more crimes were committed by Pireaneans than by Wallonians best illustrates the power of: For the following sentence, make corrections in end mark, period, and comma usage as needed. For example, if two classes of children want to play on the same soccer field, the classes will come to dislike each other not because of any real, objectionable traits about the other group. What is the correct present tense conjugation of the verb? (Social) unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members. . Assume that p,q,rp, q, rp,q,r, and sss represent propositions, Explaining behaviors based on a person's characteristics; traits, maturity, etc. c. Conflict Even ordinary people, without any particular hostility, can become agents in a destructive process. Categories . Trellis8. D) GRIT. d. the blame-the-victim phenomenon. This experiment best illustrated the impact of, The discomfort we feel when 2 thoughts are inconsistent is called, Unconsciously mimicking those around us is known as the, We tend to feel cheerful around happy people and sad around depressed people. As a result, outgroup disliking stems from this in-group liking (Brewer & Brown, 1998). She tends to overpraise his achievements in order to avoid appearing biased. D) Relating to several _____ is the tendency to attribute one's own characteristics to other people. "teachers" were deceived and frequently subjected to severe stress. A simple way to understand these mixed feelings, across a variety of groups, results from the Stereotype Content Model shows that social groups are viewed according to their perceived warmth and competence. Which of the following is true of violent male criminals? Influence (conforming) resulting from one's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality. b. the foot-in-the-door-phenomenon. Liking yourself and the groups to which you belong is natural. Psychology questions and answers. This is an example of: individuals sometimes perform poorly when apprehensive about being stereotyped. self-worth. Also called the cross- race effect and the own- race bias. An unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. People are often biased against others outside of their own social group, showing prejudice (emotional bias), stereotypes (cognitive bias), and discrimination (behavioral bias). "teachers" actually seemed to enjoy shocking the "learners.". How often do you hear people criticizing groups without knowing anything about them? According to Milgram, the most fundamental lesson to be learned from his study of obedience is that. lowering the value of ones house; fewer openings in the school; etc.). The tendency for people to believe the world is Just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get. Today, many nations have equality clearly articulated in their constitutions. When it comes time to categorize ice cream as good or bad, you may still categorize it as good, but you will likely be a little slowerperhaps even fractions of a second slower-- in arriving at this judgment. Today, there is a greater appreciation of the fact that not all biases are overt hostility based on a personal animosity toward members of a group. School California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Course Title PSYC 3500; Uploaded By staceymartinez1224. Denote the maximal utility as a function of ppp and mmm by U(p,m)U^*(p, m)U(p,m), the value function, also called the indirect utility function. The tendency to favor ones own cultural group over other groups is known as A) Expert Help. They have relatively low levels of serotonin and high levels of testosterone. We identify o we compare ingroup bias o tendency to. Developed Social Learning Theory, where children learn through watching AND imitating actions. And a stereotypical old person would be seen as high in warmth but lower in competence. d. Catharsis. b. The tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the . Ingroup bias is the tendency to favor and support individuals who belong to groups we identify with. Meta-analysis of predictive validity. Impact. This means seeing women, minorities, homosexuals, and non-believers as inferior. A confirmation bias is cognitive bias that favors information that confirms your previously existing beliefs or biases. c. They have relatively low levels of serotonin and low levels of testosterone. Another example includes people who feel benevolent toward traditional women but hostile toward nontraditional women. Experience increasing attraction to novel stimuli that become more familiar. Examined the impact of social roles and authority on behavior with his famous Stanford Prison experiment. A tendency to favor one's own group is called: been more racially prejudiced than others. One explanation is that historical biases were widespread and institutionalized. The change in Raul's behavior best illustrates the impact of, A culture that promotes individualism is most likely to encourage, Participants in the Milgram obedience studies were ordered to, Deliver electric shocks to a learner for giving incorrect answers, Most people are likely to be surprised by the results of Milgram's initial obedience experiment because, The "teachers" were more obedient than most people would have predicted. b. implicit prejudice. For example, when our awareness of our attitudes and of our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting discomfort by changing our attitudes. For example, a job interviewer might have two qualified applicants; a man and a woman. 2. an inclination, bent, or predisposition to something. Categories get more complicated when we apply them to humans. When are petty cash expenses recognized (at the time of establishment, reimbursement, or replenishment)? direction a . 0 . Women cannot drive. c. more; more This finding is consistent with the theory that some countries, like the U.S., emphasize an individualistic self-concept. c. blood alcohol. _____ refers to the tendency to view the world through one's own cultural filters.a) Conservatism b) Relativism c) Ethnocentrism d) Ableism ANS: c A-head: Culture and Intergroup Relations REF: 363 Feedback: Ethnocentrism is the tendency to view the world through one's own cultural filters. In the context of the relationship between religion and racial prejudice, if one defines religiousness as . Sons are more valued than daughters. self-fulfilling. By contrast, those high in RWA may equally dislike the outgroup member moving into the neighborhood but for different reasons. Within the realm of personality psychology, the false-consensus effect does not have significant effects.This is because the false-consensus effect relies heavily on the social environment and how a person interprets this environment. d. deindividuation. b. the mere exposure effect. Female 2: I can be hard to figure out Male 2: and I like my privacy. (a) Find the demand functions, x(p,m)x^*(p, m)x(p,m) and y(p,m)y^*(p, m)y(p,m). Discrimination and the implicit association test. Not all stereotypes of outgroups are all bad. 3. a special and definite purpose in a novel or other literary work. Attitude change path in which people are influenced by incidental cues, emotional responses such as a speaker's attractiveness. the preference for order, clarity, and conventional values) and conservative beliefs. Basically, rumination . a. cognitive dissonance. PPP and ( 1 at p)p)p). The finding that the greater the number of people who witness an emergency, the less likely any one of them is to help, the tendency for individuals to increase their liking for something they have worked hard to attain, apprehension about confirming negative stereotypes related to one's own group, the tendency to draw a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic.
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