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Democracy-Dictatorship (DD),[1] index of democracy and dictatorship[2] or simply the DD index[3] or the DD datasets was the binary measure of democracy and dictatorship first proposed by Adam Przeworski et al. From the outside looking in, life within a dictatorship appears akin to being in a toxic relationship or living situation. [17] Between 1946 and 2010, 42% of dictatorships began by overthrowing a different dictatorship, and 26% began after achieving independence from a foreign government. In addition to executive authority, Putin also holds judicial and legislative power, which enables him to change the law to fit his agenda. In a dictatorial government, power rests with one supreme ruler. Democracies are classified by the rules in which executives can be appointed or removed and can be either presidential, mixed or semi-presidential, or parliamentary. The Modern World's Dictatorship Countries African Dictators A Global View of Dictators Is China a dictatorship? Single-party dictatorships are one-party states in which only the party in power is legalized and all opposition parties are banned. If you're looking for the names of countries with dictatorship governments then you're in the right place. [85] After being defeated in World War II, the far-right dictatorships of Europe collapsed, with the exceptions of Spain and Portugal. The People's Republic of China is currently ruled by President Xi Jinping, who also serves as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, Chairman of the Central Military Commission, the country's Vice President, the President of the Central Party School, and the 1st ranked member of the CPC Politburo Standing Committee. Bettmann Archive / Getty Images. [114] The countries of Central Asia did not liberalize after the fall of the Soviet Union, instead forming as dictatorships led by former elites of the Communist Party and then later by successive dictators. In the past, they wore olive-green uniforms and used military might to gain power. Current dictatorships include Russia, Equatorial New Guinea, and North Korea. Current Heads of State & Dictators - Planet Rulers, President Faustin Archange Touadera of the, President Flix Tshilombo Tshisekedi of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, President Denis Sassou Nguesso of the Republic of the Congo, President Teodoro Mbasogo of Equatorial Guinea, President Abdel Fattah Abdelrahman Burhan of. The exclave province of Cabinda has borders with the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Economies based on natural resources allow dictators more power, as they can easily extract rents without strengthening or cooperating with other institutions. Parliamentary democracy is the same as semi-presidential but has heads of state which are not popularly elected for a fixed term, typically either monarchs or officials not chosen by popular elections. The result is that such regimes have no internal checks and balances, and are thus unrestrained when exerting repression on their people, making radical shifts in foreign policy, or starting wars with other countries. [57] The rule of a dictator was not necessarily considered tyrannical in Ancient Rome, though it has been described in some accounts as a "temporary tyranny" or an "elective tyranny". Its territory covers 652,000 km, making it the 41st largest country in the world. In some circumstances, monarchies are also considered dictatorships if the monarchs hold a significant amount of political power. President Vladimir Putin is currently serving his fourth term as President of Russia. [citation needed]The typical military dictatorship in Latin America was ruled by a junta (derived from a Spanish word . Secondly, while the term "dictatorship" is widely understood to include inherent abuse of powerthere is arguably no such thing as a benevolent dictatorhistory offers several examples of autocrats who tried to do what was best for their people. Over the course of almost 20 years, he ruled Chile with an iron fist, ordering the deaths of thousands of suspected . [106], The nature of dictatorship changed in much of the world at the onset of the 21st century. The chief executive must be chosen by popular election or by a body that was itself popularly elected. [20][21] They are most common in developing nations in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Mussolini abolished democracy in Italy in 1922 and became a dictator. Here is a list of the ten worst dictators that Africans have ever seen in their history. Political scientists such as Juan Jos Linz and Samuel P. Huntington identify key attributes that define the power structure of a dictatorship, including a single leader or a small group of leaders, the exercise of power with few limitations, limited political pluralism, and limited mass mobilization. Parties formed after the seizure of power often have little influence and only exist to serve the dictator. Zimbabwe - 1980 to present - Robert Mugabe. [1][8]:454 It is important to note that these names do not have to correspond to the official or colloquial titles of any of the countries offices. A dictatorship is an authoritarian structure of government. The Soviet economy became unsustainable, and communist governments lost the support of intellectuals. [147] The use of violence by a dictator is frequently most severe during the first few years of a dictatorship, because the regime has not yet solidified its rule and more detailed information for targeted coercion is not yet available. [1]:71. The Freedom in the World report evaluates the state of freedom in 195 countries and 14 territories, assigning a score between 0 and 4 in a series of 25 indicators to give a final score of 100. 1. But to understand the dictatorship in Cuba . For example, DD could classify a country which has a legislative assembly whose official name is "the parliament" but still classify it in any of the three categories. [127], Indoctrination is the inculcation of citizens on specific values and ideas beneficial to the dictatorships needs and desires. Dictatorship - Definition, Examples, Cases, Processes - Legal Dictionary List of Cons of Dictatorships. The earliest military dictatorships developed in the post-classical era, particularly in Shogun-era Japan and in England under Cromwell. [62][63][64] Maximilien Robespierre has been similarly described as a dictator while he controlled the National Convention in France and carried out the Reign of Terror in 1793 and 1794. [26] Ruling parties in one-party dictatorships are distinct from political parties that were created to serve a dictator in that the ruling party in a one-party dictatorship permeates every level of society. [33] A ruling party in a one-party dictatorship may rule under any ideology or it may have no guiding ideology. [73], Dictatorships in Latin America persisted into the 20th century, and further military coups established new regimes, often in the name of nationalism. Many others developed following a period of warlordism. 10 African countries That are currently ruled by dictators. [1]:70. Francois Duvalier (1907 - 1971) The Haitian dictator, also known as Papa Doc, governed the Americas' poorest country from 1957 to he died in 1971. Just like a dictatorship, an autocracy is a government headed by a single ruler (the autocrat) whose decisions are not subject to legal restraints and who exercises unlimited and undisputed power. Benito Mussolini was the first generally recognised fascist leader. Those against dictatorship say personal rights are severely restricted, the system is generally based on force and violence, and it demands complete obedience. With a total area of 2,381,741 square kilometres, 90% of which is desert, Algeria is the tenth-largest country in the world, and the largest in Arab world and Africa and on the Mediterranean. Other factors associated with military coups include extensive natural resources, limited use of the military internationally, and use of the military as an oppressive force domestically. [4] Though the most recent data set is only updated for 2008, there is planning by Cheibub to update it to the present year. Parties that take power through violence are often able to implement larger changes in a shorter period of time. Between the 1990s and the 2000s, most dictators moved away from being "larger-than-life figures" that controlled the populace through terror and isolated themselves from the global community. Is North Korea a dictatorship? At the onset of the so-called "third wave" of democracy in 1978, the only democratic regimes were Costa Rica, Colombia and Venezuela. Modern Dictatorships Between 1919 and 1939 there was a great reaction against democracy and dictatorship was established in many countries of the world. [126] Some of the most ruthless examples of repression in recent history were repression by hunger. Freedom House, the Polity data series, and the Democracy-Dictatorship Index are three of the most used data series by political scientists. The 20th century also saw the rise of personalist dictatorships in Africa and military dictatorships in Latin America, both of which became prominent in the 1960s and 1970s. While Thailand remains the world's last active military dictatorship, other notable examples of modern countries with histories of military rule include: Brazil, Chile, Argentina, and Greece. The name a democracy gives itself or its office does not indicate what type of democracy it is. Adolf Hitler - WORST DICTATOR. But for today, these are the world's dictatorships. (2010), and further developed and maintained by Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland (2009). There must be more than one party competing in the elections. The power structures of dictatorships vary, and different definitions of dictatorship consider different elements of this structure. Mao established the People's Republic of China as a one-party communist state under his governing ideology of Maoism. The type of dictatorship a country is ruled by typically comes down to the methods the dictator used to obtain power and how they go about maintaining it. [19], Military dictatorships are regimes in which military officers hold power, determine who will lead the country, and exercise influence over policy. [8]:455 Sometimes sitting governments will attach a vote of no confidence clause to a piece of legislation they want passed, effectively tying the survival of the government on the piece of legislation. The list of Dictatorship countries in Africa includes Nigeria and Zaire. 1. [103], Military dictatorships remained prominent in Latin America during the Cold War, though the number of coups declined starting in the 1980s. The premise of the "people's democratic dictatorship" is that the Chinese Party of China and the state represent and act on behalf of the people, but possess and may use powers against reactionary forces. This list details eight of the world's current dictators and the poverty rates associated with each country. If this institution can be effectively controlled by the dictator, it can become avaluable instruments of control over the population. Stability in a dictatorship is maintained through coercion and political repression, which involves the restriction of access to information, the tracking of the political opposition, and acts of violence. The deadliest dictatorships are discussed below. Most of them are characterized by a single leader with either no party or one that is weak. Argentina and Mexico are the countries with Dictatorship as a government form. Brion Donal Cinhil Urien Haldane, 25th king of Gwynedd, reigned 1095 to 1120. People living under a dictatorship are often persecuted for unethical reasons, including their religion, sexual orientation, or economic status. This page was last edited on 4 March 2023, at 02:19. A presidential democracy has a government that does not need the majority support of a legislature to stay in power. [71] The aftermath of World War I resulted in a major shift in European politics, establishing new governments, facilitating internal change in older governments, and redrawing the boundaries between countries, allowing opportunities for these movements to seize power. His wealth is estimated to be approximately $600 million. Unfortunately, democracy is still shaky in many countries, a number of which are fighting violent religious insurrections, and the likelihood of any fallen dictator being quickly replaced by another dictator is high. [93] Chiang Kai-shek continued to rule as dictator of the National government's rump state in Taiwan until his death in 1975. Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia. ", "Dictators and Their Followers: A Theory of Dictatorship", "The many Robespierres from 1794 to the present", "A Family of Political Concepts: Tyranny, Despotism, Bonapartism, Caesarism, Dictatorship, 1750-1917", "The Age of the Caudillos: A Chapter in Hispanic American History", "Europe Will be a Fascist Europe: July 1934May 1936", "African military coups d'tat, 19562001: frequency, trends and distribution", "From Protest to Change of Regime: The 419 Revolt and The Fall of the Rhee Regime in South Korea*", "The waning of the military coup in Arab politics", "Introduction: Studying Communist Dictatorships: From Comparative to Transnational History", "Military Coups and Military Rule in Latin America", "Cuba: The United States and Batista, 1952-58", "The Predicament of Europe's 'Last Dictator', "The Kremlin Emboldened: How Putin Wins Support", "The Resistible Rise of Vladimir Putin: Russia's Nightmare Dressed Like a Daydream", "Biden suggests Putin is a 'dictator' who has committed 'genocide half a world away', "EIU Democracy Index 2020 - World Democracy Report", "5. Hybrid dictatorships are regimes that have a combination of these classifications. [42] Within a personalist regime an issue called "The dictators dilemma" arises. List Of Communist Countries Today - WorldAtlas Key dictators from 20th century Latin America The Soviet Union occupied nationalist dictatorships in the east and replaced them with communist dictatorships, while others established liberal democratic governments in the Western Bloc. While Latin America, Asia, and Africa were already dictatorship countries, they differed from the dictatorships formed in what became known as the Eastern Bloc. First is that an autocracy nearly always focuses power in a single individual person, whereas dictatorshipssingle-party dictatorships in particularsometimes spread the power throughout a small group of people (say, the leaders of the dictator's political party). [89] Military coups were also a common occurrence after decolonisation, with 14 African countries experiencing at least three successful military coups between 1959 and 2001. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator. This is understandable, as the terms are very similar. [22], Military dictatorships are typically formed by a military coup in which senior officers use the military to overthrow the government. As of early 2022, the countries of Afghanistan, Eritrea, North Korea, and Turkmenistan are the only nations in the world whose governments are generally considered to be totalitarian dictatorships. Although it is true that some dictators are far more strict and overbearing than others, as a rule, dictatorships tend to result in a loss of personal autonomy, quality of life, and political choice for everyday citizens. [100] Josip Broz Tito declared a communist government in Yugoslavia during World War II, which was initially aligned with the Soviet Union. During his reign of terror, about 30,000 Haitians are estimated to have been assassinated, while thousands - mostly intelligence fled the country. Countries that start with: [54], Asia saw several military dictatorships during the post-classical era. North Korea is one of the clearest examples of a totalitarian government. (Image Wikipedia) Electoral process and pluralism: 0.00. The legislature must be popularly elected. [46], The shift in the power relation between the dictator and their inner circle has severe consequences for the behavior of such regimes as a whole. He all but eradicated corruption. These nationalist movements supported non-alignment, keeping most Middle Eastern dictatorships out of the American and Soviet spheres of influence. [28] Due to the structure of their leadership, one-party dictatorships are significantly less likely to face civil conflict, insurgency, or terrorism than other forms of dictatorship. [1]:70. [23] Military coups do not necessarily result in military dictatorships, as power may then be passed to an individual or the military may allow democratic elections to take place. List of Famous Dictators - Ranker - Lists About Everything Voted On By Explore a few of the famous ones. Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) Joseph Stalin (1878-1953) Pol Pot (1925-1998) Heinrich Himmler (1900-1945) Saddam Hussein (1937-2006) Idi Amin (1952-2003) Is Venezuela a dictatorship? The term dictatorship originates from its use in the Roman Republic. Indeed, the 20th century, which witnessed the careers of Atatrk, Benito Mussolini, Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin, Francisco Franco, Mao Tse-tung, Juan Pern, Tito, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Sukarno, Kwame Nkrumah, and Charles de Gaulle, could appear in history as the age of plebiscitary dictatorship. [43] This idea references the heavy reliance on repression of the public in order to stay in power, which creates incentives for all constituents to falsify their preferences, which does not allow for the dictator to know the genuine popular beliefs or his realistic measure of societal support. [119][120][121][122], Most dictatorships exist in countries with high levels of poverty. One person holds all of the country's power. Since the Korean War, North Korea has been ruled by a series of autocratic leaders. The territory of today's Algeria was the home of many prehistoric cultures, including Aterian and Capsian and the, Angola, officially the Republic of Angola, is a country in Southern Africa. [87], The decolonisation of Africa prompted the creation of new governments, many of which became dictatorships in the 1960s and 1970s. The country is bordered in the northeast by Tunisia, in the east by Libya, in the west by Morocco, in the southwest by Western Sahara, Mauritania, and Mali, in the southeast by Niger, and in the north by the Mediterranean Sea. Many dictatorships are also characterized by corruption, nepotism, and a cult of personality around the leader. It is the seventh largest country in Africa, and is bordered by Namibia on the south, the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the north, and Zambia on the east; its west coast is on the Atlantic Ocean and Luanda is its capital city. This is often done via questionable means, including intimidation, imprisonment (lawful or not), physical violence, or even assassination. Infamous dictators of the world are often thought of as tyrants - leaders who rule with iron fists, cruelty, unflinching authority, and a lack of opposition. 10 Dictators Who Were Surprisingly Good - Unbelievable Facts [104] A one-party communist dictatorship was formed in Cuba when a US-backed dictatorship was overthrown in the Cuban Revolution, creating the only Soviet-backed dictatorship in the western hemisphere. Imelda Marcos. [18], A classification of dictatorships, which began with political scientist Barbara Geddes in 1999, focuses on where power lies. Military dictatorship | Military Wiki | Fandom What is a Dictatorship? Definition, Feature & Characteristics This type of vote is termed a constructive vote of no confidence. The military takes control of the country (usually through a direct coup), installs the dictator of its choosing (typically the highest-ranking military officer), and uses force of arms to preserve its power. List of 19 Main Pros and Cons of Dictatorships - ConnectUS Military dictatorships are more prone to conflict due to the inherent military strength associated with such a regime, and personalist dictatorships are more prone to conflict due to the weaker institutions to check the dictator's power. Photo: Lars Klove. Exceptions to the pattern of poverty in dictatorships include oil-rich Middle Eastern dictatorships and the East Asian Tigers during their periods of dictatorship. Some of the most famous dictators in history include, of course, Adolf Hitler, Chancellor of Nazi Germany from 1933-1945, Benito Mussolini, ruler of fascist Italy from 1922-1945, and Joseph Stalin,. 15 Countries with Dictatorships Today (Or on Their Way to Dictatorships Latin American Dictators - Leaders in Complete Control - ThoughtCo Nazi and fascist regimes in Europe, Communist single-party states, military juntas in Latin America and . 10 Worst Dictators In Power Today - WhatCulture.com Military dictatorship - McGill University Many countries today are still under a dictatorship, including: Cambodia China North Korea Russia And many more! Changing Human Nature Needs a "Dictatorship of the Proletariat" . Leaders of these dictatorships often place those loyal to them in positions of power (qualified or not), and foster cults of personality to sway public opinion to their side. There's no room for opposition or . Organizations that maintain moral authority with the public, such as the Church, are often the most targeted by infiltration. After the recent death of Idriss Deby in April 2021, his son Mahamat Deby took over. This means that the ruler or party has complete control. Mao consolidated his control of the People's Republic of China with the Cultural Revolution in the 1960s, which involved the destruction of all elements of capitalism and traditionalism in China. Equatorial Guinea. The Democracy-Dictatorship Index is seen as an example of the minimalist approach, whereas the Polity data series is more substantive. Keep note that the head of state, chief executive, government, and legislatures can have their official names be seemingly contradictory to this classification. List Of Dictatorship Countries & Countries Ruled by Dictator - Ranker Examples of Dictatorship | YourDictionary [8]:457, The DD dataset is limited to 199 countries after 1946, whereas Boix, Miller, & Rosato, 2013 proposed a data set from 1800 to 2007, covering 219 countries. [107] Dictatorships are often recipients of foreign aid on the condition that they make advances toward democratization. Accused of crimes against humanity, Saddam Hussein was sentenced to death in 2006. Multiple political parties may exist, but one dominates the government, makes all the rules, is free to disseminate propaganda, and controls every aspect of every election (which may offer voters only a single candidate), thereby ensuring they win every time. A political rival accused Obiang of cannibalism in 2004, but no evidence to support the claim has ever surfaced. Perhaps someday some of these modern dictatorships will cast off their dictators and embrace a more democratic and inclusive form of government. Latin America experienced a dramatic political change in the last quarter of the twentieth century. The communist and fascist dictatorships that arose in various technologically advanced countries in the first half of the 20th century were distinctively different from the authoritarian regimes of Latin America or the postcolonial dictatorships of Africa and Asia. [144] Since the end of the Cold War, more dictatorships have established "semi-competitive" elections in which opposition is allowed to participate in elections but is not allowed to win, with approximately two-thirds of dictatorships permitting opposition candidates in 2018. Examples might include King Cyrus the Great of Persia, who is thought to have created the first declaration of human rights, the Biblical King Solomon, Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius, and Singapore's Prime Minister Lee Kwan Yue. [1] Popularly elected means that the head of state is directly elected by the citizens or elected by an assembly which then elects them (an example being the electoral college in the United States). List of dictatorship countries? - Answers [133] A dictator may negotiate the end of a regime if it has lost legitimacy or if a violent removal seems likely. Answer (1 of 9): Depends on what you mean by left-wing. [136], Dictatorships are typically more aggressive than democracy when in conflict with other nations, as dictators do not have to fear electoral costs of war. This may sound like a contradiction of terms to many people. But for today, these are the world's dictatorships. In the last six years alone, at least 26 African countries have experienced transfers of power. Myanmar has been thrown into the darkness of the military dictatorship once again as this morning, the military junta arrested "The daughter of democracy" Aung San Suu Kyi and reinstated the military rule. This makes it distinct from constitutional monarchy and ceremonial monarchy. In practice, it is often defined as people choosing their leaders in free and fair elections. [108], Dictatorship in Europe largely ended after the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, and the liberalization of most communist states. Modern dictatorships first developed in the 19th century, which included Bonapartism in Europe and caudillos in Latin America. The group may be military or political, it may be organized or disorganized, and it may disproportionately represent a certain demographic. If it is, then a further distinction is made between democracies where the head of state is popularly elected and those where the head of state is not popularly elected. Given the degree of censorship and control China's government leverages over its citizens, most political experts would call it a dictatorship.