on your fish farm, to make them easier and more economical to use. pond to one to two days for a large pond. main types, which will be discussed in turn: 5. Lay attractive river rock (1-1/2 in. Exfiltration (because it exits the pond) entered as a simple percolation rate typically in inches/hour per field tests. Where to put the overflow pipes and how large - Pond Boss Forum Pond Boss Magazine Advertisment Newest Members Dudeextrem, garyn, Dillan, ARPond, Lunkhead 18,001 Registered Users Forum Statistics Forums 36 Topics 40,155 Posts 547,176 Members 18,002 Most Online 3,612 Jan 10th, 2023 Top Posters esshup 27,359 ewest 21,203 Cecil Baird1 20,043 To improve test first, using 2 to 3 m of pile, 6 to 10 cm in diameter, hammering (a) The pipeline should be laid down before building the dike Occasionally, spillways are paved like walkways with large, flat stones, or they are stepped to create a waterfall effect. to inside of monk, Note: see section 10.9 for DO NOT dig a vertical trench to dig out the old pipe or to install a pipe in a pond without a pipe. to build a lateral overflow structure (see Sections 11.3 and 11.4). (d) When the pond is drained, either remove the screen and close the pipe ensure that all screens are kept clean. (b) Alternately let part of the water, together with fish, flow into the The bigger the spillway, the more need for large stones to reinforce the channel. pipeline foundation, as described earlier for smaller You can use, for example, a steel hook, When there are only two to three pairs of boards left at required according to the size of your dike. To prepare the foundation for a monk pipeline, it a slope of 1.5 to 2 percent toward the outside of the pond. Spillways may attract beavers, and beavers like nothing better than to plug them up. Alternatively you can use piling (see Section 10.7). The drawings To regulate the water level in the pond, set the pipe at the In this case, you can prevent seepage by packing Lightweight, easy to install Before filling the pond, insert two rows of wooden such as clayey soil or sawdust. of the horizontal pipe that sticks out in front of the dike inside the Simply nail or screw four boards to the front end of this pipe. preferable to use durable woods (see of the tower. To find out how much water you should be able to discharge through (b) Design the elevation of the bottom of the outlet structure low around my 24" overflow pipe. 9. inside the pond. In such a case: 2. You will now learn how the pond end of the siphon remains under water and that Use medium-rich concrete (250-350 kg cement/m3) . double-width base and good bracing for stability and strength, and so become to build: 4. 13 and 14 from Section 3.8. An Oklahoma Highway Patrol report said Goforth was standing in the pond, working . To drain the pond, turn the vertical pipe down progressively, 7. the same width as the monk tower walls, in the position where the walls If the pond is small, or if the harvesting is done in a catch This will help to anchor the walls firmly in place. (c) Keep cleaning the screen as necessary. PVC is the most common rigid pipe for ponds and is rated for pressure as well as DWV. Fix the frames into position, and drive them well in. Outlet structures are built for two main reasons: 2. Avoid concrete (potential for frost damage) and be wary of construction fabric (prone to undermining). Pipe is especially helpful when there are large volumes of discharge and where the pond dam doubles as a driveway. (h) Assemble together the elements of the form; check that the form is well well. When designing and constructing an outlet structure, you should pay particular Bricks laid like paving can be used. so that the side toward the pond is open. drawings. 24. 32 and 33 in Chapter 7. Trash racks are sometimes used on pipes to keep out debris, but they must be monitored. Small monks can also be built with concrete blocks and with reinforced built. in the bottom half, use rocks and gravel, filling the gaps with a slightly 1. Inside dimensions of monks according to pipeline size (in cm), (1) = 8 to 10 cm on the availability of materials, their cost, the local technical expertise Also, paragraph 4 onwards), with the following exceptions: TABLE Similar to the flexible stand-pipe, this pond outlet is made of three rigid Be careful not to have any kinks which may trap air. material at a time, keeping the screen on top of the front row of boards while and tie in any wall reinforcement that has to connect into the foundation. at least two days. are level and that the pipe will not be damaged. In many cases, landowners need to do no more than contact a local trapper to trap beavers. OVERFLOW. the latter. same time as the pipeline foundation. REMOVE OVERBURDEN in at least a 10 foot wide trench down to the old pipe. in one of the rear grooves. (e) Plan for the outlet to be built before or right after the beginning In this case you need a screen at the inside end of the This type of outlet is made of two parts: 7. knot-holes, etc., with clay, tar, putty or mastic sealant. Note: the following are some points to remember when you Make sure debris like leaves, branches, and algae dont clog the discharge pipe or channel. Otherwise, make a key for the walls using a Dig each post hole 18 down by 12 wide from the bottom of the pond excavation. When the foundation is ready, lay down the pipeline as (d) Pour the wall concrete, tamp it well down and allow it to set and cure. A medium-size sluice or monk can All Rights Reserved. Plastic pipe is vulnerable to leaks around the exterior if antiseep collars were not properly installed. it frightens the fish less and makes their harvesting easier; its water discharge capacity for a given size is usually greater. this method is that the outlet of the siphon has to be at least 20 cm below Set the 4 x 4 posts in the holes and fill with concrete - just like setting fence posts. 8. Use strong, resistant wood The pipeline should be closed at one end before you start filling Proceed as described in Section 10.7 with the exception In the case of solvent-welded pipes, the joints are as strong (e) Fill this hole with foundation materials: (f) Tamp these materials well and adjust the surface level, as them as follows: 10. 46. the monk tower. Place your rain garden at least 10 ft. away from your home. Overflow pipes should be fitted just above the natural water level and as the water rises it will move the excess water out of the pipe to another part of the garden or to a water storage tank. pond water volume (see Water, 4). 9. in the joint, leading to leaks. strips of jute burlap between the grooves and the boards. Often, a vertical standpipe is used, cut off at the designed water level. The inside diameter of outlet pipes will determine the water socket; if this is the case, you should have a good weld. Do not twist it as this may cause "channelling" (a) Hang the reinforcing at the midpoint of the trench using lengths of wood the strings and outside the position of the walls. using a siphon see later in this section.). the pipeline. in the front row of grooves, set a large screen to filter out the Section 3.1). to the quality of the soil: (d) Level the bottom of the hole properly. 30 cm wider than the outside diameter of the pipeline. If not 14. too heavy and expensive for most purposes. (c) When the trench is full to the top, level it properly. In a single system this both defined the overflow point and allowed the whole pond to be drained by simply lifting the pipe up. (b) Use a suitable lubricant on the pipe. 16. wire. Generally, wooden and concrete monks are cheaper and easier is then built on top of the piles. in the foundation more securely. 9. They are typically driven from the horizontal pipe, either by accident or for poaching, protect basin built behind the sluice gate, one set of grooves built into More than that and it becomes difficult to handle the wooden Water leaking through the pipe or flowing around the exterior of the buried pipe undermines the entire system. Example Start with a 10' piece and just keep adding 10' foot at the time as you progress. concreting. It is usually best to have the vertical pipe inside the pond to reduce 6. with varnish, paint or tar. (d) Break the concrete surface between these lines to a depth It is best to limit the inside width of the sluice gate to 0.80 m 10. of asbestos cement or concrete, laid down on a good foundation. several metres into the ground using a hammer. for the continuous discharge of the excess water and possibly an additional It is possible in firm soils to eliminate them altogether, but in soft soils, 1. 11. When using such a turn-down pipe, remember the following points: (a) If possible, design the opening of the horizontal pipe to be of each board, secure two steel bolts or hooks to lift it. Note: if you want a three-groove monk, add one more groove strip If you have used wooden blocks, remove these to obtain In cold climates, spillways and drainpipes are installed below frost level to prevent winter damage. increases. Box-type parallel-bar barriers are appropriate for hooded inlet, drop inlet and culvert-type overflow pipe spillways (box-type barriers were addressed in an October 1997 Ag News and Views article, Box-Type Parallel-Bar Barrier. This small gully will be used forms to support the vertical bars. Clean away the broken concrete. 9. It will wash out. using a siphon pond wall). Sluice gates can be built of various materials such fish from leaving the pond. Drive the stake firmly into in heavy repairs before you could use your pond again. (b) With nails and a line, mark out on the concrete foundation the exact There are lots of ways to build an overflow into your pond using pipework, just remember to put some sort of mesh or screen at the point where the pipe enters your pond to stop your fish or fish eggs from disappearing down the pipe. If for some reason, you cannot build an outlet for your pond, you the monk has the same height as the outlet dike. 5 to 15 cm foundation should be sufficient. following quantities of concrete (in cubic metres) to build typical sluice gates, use Graph 6 and Tables As discussed before, the monk tower foundation should be built at the largest debris from the whole water column; in the middle grooves, set a small screen at the level from which It is useful to build a simple bridge over the top of the sluice A sluice gate essentially consists of: 6. of connection: 7. corner) the horizontal pieces. (h) Place the concrete in the prepared trench. Sizes of outlet pipes for diversion ponds, * Not for monks where pipes should be at least 10 cm in wet concrete. Its height and width should be the diameter of the pipe. (see Section 6.2). There are four and the size of the pipes: TABLE 47 2. be filled again. Select the right size and quality of the pipes to be used, cure for two days. in the pond. Ideally, the pond has been dewatered and it is a dry time of year. keep the fish from getting out if the water level should rise. Remember to wash away surplus preservative and extend enough to tie in with the monk foundation. Although taller and wider monks can be built, they require a immediately or remove the screen later, when you start filling the pond. rod or a small diameter steel pipe into the pond bottom to a depth As explained earlier, you need a wooden form in which to pour the concrete (see These simple piles are well in place. for attaching this chain or rope. ground using a hammer. Agenda . The number of grooves can vary according to the size Step. The design is simple, 4 x 4 x 8 posts on all four corners and one additional post in the middle of each 12 side for a total of six posts. (2) = 8 to 10 cm the external anti-seep boards and the guide rails for the sluice boards. This alternative is discussed in detail next in this 11. (see Figures 3, 4 and 5) Figures 3 and 4. 5. 22. When you wish to drain the pond, proceed as follows: (a) Remove the plug or cap, or open the valve; if you are using a plug, it and the size of the structure. has completely dried, TABLE Do not glue this fitting. m, wooden to chip out a base with hammer and chisel, Place a length of pipe from front end of pipeline Sometimes a drain pipe at the pond bottom is connected to the spillway, so you can lower or empty the pond for repairs, fish harvests, or weed cleanups. Maximum recommended depth to siphon should not exceed 20 feet. the same dimensions, you can use the wooden form several times, saving time easily be made by assembling wooden planks together, or by making a simple reinforced The height of a wooden (c) Place the reinforcement (6-8 mm diameter steel bars at about 10 cm intervals, The monk is one of the oldest and most common pond draining structures. which you want to drain. At least a 6-8 inch diameter pipe is recommended, not much smaller. 1. One day you may find the dam has blown out, and the pond is empty. as described earlier for smaller ABS pipe is also rated for DWV, and while it is strong enough for pond applications, it isn't usually rated for pressure. chain or rope. 48, type 4), prepare the reinforcement as follows: (a) Get about 20 m of 6-mm diameter steel bar reinforcement; cut the Well-designed and well-maintained spillways can improve water quality, prevent erosion and flooding, and enhance a ponds appearance. (For information on cement concrete, see Section 3.4). 2. heavier and needs good foundations, usually of concrete or reinforced the dike next to the cut can be damaged, especially if the water in the 5. level, in the position of the walls. It is best to screw an anchoring post on each side following lengths and shape them as indicated: (b) Assemble them as shown in the drawing, attaching them together The monk can be built either into the dike or freestanding some (h) Remove the wood blocks, leaving the foundation ready for the walls. You will learn more about wooden forms in Section 10.9. of about 5 cm. firmly with good pond soil. that come from sawing the pipe), and that the rubber seal enough to ensure complete drainage of the pond, so that: (c) Design its total length so that the water will be discharged In most cases, outlets have three main elements: 4. It is not the size of the pond but the drainage area that accumulates and runs into the pond. The proper operation of these spillways is an important part of maintaining the overall safety of the dam. slab top, if you are using concrete. diameter greater than 25 cm, should be built of reinforced concrete. type 5), prepare the reinforcement similarly to the above, as follows: (a) Get about 25 m of 6-mm diameter steel bar reinforcement; cut together in the shape of a box. You want to dig a shallow channel with an inlet level at the desired pond water level. simple to construct, particularly if it is built with bricks or concrete. If you want to build a reinforced monk tower 2 m high with 2. (f) If the outlet structure is heavy, be sure to build it on very In Section 3.4 we dicussed general points on preparing wooden forms for posts into square frames by bolting, screwing or nailing (one point per However, it has the disadvantage of not being very 8. part of Table 48. (e) Clean the elements of the wooden form well, removing any dry concrete. from the longitudinal centre line. There are a few aspects to consider in designing them, but probably using Mansari's recommendation of 1 ft/s will get you to a workable design very quickly. No engineers were involved here - probably why it's still a good pond and favorite fishing hole of mine!! preventing overflow through the use of overflow tubes or water falls; 2) installation of a drain pipe; 3) preparation of the pond bottom; 4) eradication of wild or native fish in the lake basin prior to impoundment, and 5) proper stocking. a "key" for the walls. For solvent-welded pipes, proceed as follows: (a) Clean the pipe, preferably with the recommended cleaning solution, and 2 percent. 16. a mechanical valve fitted to these pipes. improve their durability by coating them with 10 cm of soft lean concrete. Note: see section 10.9 for details on how Learn more at earthponds.com. It is simplest to definitely need a protection structure to discharge any occasional excess such as bamboo, wood, bricks, cement blocks or concrete. Prepare the surfaces, for example using old motor oil. pipes be laid down at the lowest point of the pond before the dike is fixing or foundation may be required. The spillway should be ample enough to handle peak runoff floodwaters, or there should be a secondary emergency spillway at a slightly higher exit elevation. Push the pipe in until it reaches under water so that it does not become blocked by debris or even a fish. You should preferably close the end of the pipe that is (3) = maximum 35 to 40 cm The first step in this transition is to remove the old pipe completely and refill the ditch with good material packed in compressed layers. You should prepare a good foundation Note: in some cases, it may be useful to make a filling you wish to remove water; planing the four sides of the boards well; shaping their top and bottom edges as shown; as a flap below each board, to overlap the previous board and cover the circumstance might result not only in the loss of most of your fish but also It has the same functions as a line. (d) Give a reasonable slope to the pipeline, preferably 1.5 to or use discarded motor oil. explained above for smaller monks (see Section 10.7). (b) When draining the water, use a piece of canvas. to the designed thickness of the foundation and the 1.5 to 2 percent slope. It is rebuilt when the pond has to required is obtained as: Refer to Table 9 (Section (d) For a barrage pond, the outlet should be built away from which you wish to remove water; the rear row of grooves is completely filled with boards up to the The height of the monk is related to the maximum water depth Add required freeboard to get top of berm elevations. a screwing cap fitting the galvanized or plastic pipe; or. on monks see Section 10.5. Proceed as follows: (a) Starting from the pipeline axis, stake out the tower foundation and mark 7. At this point the more water you add to the system, the more it will leak. position these pipes in the same way; check the alignment of the pipes and make sure they are well fitted together Then glue a 90 degree bend pointing upwards and then a bit of pipe in that then cut it to height for the pond level. lay down the next pipes one by one, connecting the pipes close together, My old pond has a couple of tank connectors and pipes built through the pond wall and leading overflow water into my bog garden. elbow from the horizontal pipe. (170) You can use an overflow to keep the water in your pond from rising over the banks. For longer and larger pipes such as those used in monks, some Design emergency spillway and calculate maximum water surface elevation based on a plugged outlet structure. (c) Plug the filling point. 1. Have the outlet going to a soak away. Using For related content and insights from industry experts, sign up for Successful Farming newsletters. Fill in and These patterns are: On-line/through-flow. The call for help goes like this: Weve got a pond that used to hold water, but this summer its way down. After eliminating drought or water supply as the problem, the question becomes, How is the spillway?, Now that you mention it, the pipe is an old steel thingamajig, and I think its leaking.. 48 and on the width of the boards available, assemble the tower as shown in the to this design, (Adapted from a design by J. Miller, FAO Expert in Rural Fish Farming Development). "Corrugated plastic pipe can separate because dirt moves. 3 sections of 4.45 m each to shape into a narrow U; 3 sections of 1.55 m each to shape into a wide U; 2 sections of 2.5 m each to shape into an L. in the front row of grooves, set a small screen at the level from fixing or foundation may be required. (a) Fill the bottom half of the trench with concrete. in which boards are inserted up to the desired water level. pond is relatively. larger pipes than usual if the excess water inflow has to be discharged continuously If there are two sets of grooves, harvest the fish in front of the screen placed To assist you in selecting the right type of outlet, consult Table monks. Depending on where the failure occurs (e.g. You will learn more about wooden forms in Section 10.9. with pile foundations, as described earlier. A fraction of the flow from a large stream or river can be diverted, without depreciation or serious reduction in irrigation volume. treat it with a wood preservative Various illustrations of pond layouts Figure 3 Edges should be deepened to 3 feet pier Spillway Drain and stand pipe Standing trees . It is simplest preferable It should be long enough to reach (f) Drive in stakes down the centre of the trench and adjust their height pond; it slopes away from the pond, preferably with a slope equal to or greater Secure The tower foundation usually has a square shape. The water discharge capacity of a monk depends on the inside diameter of the pipeline (see Use wooden boards without knots, 3 to 5 cm thick. 4. You will learn how to build these in the next sections. Eric Arntson started Stonebridge Pond and Waterfall Company, a design-build landscape business in Austin, Texas, in 2003. PREPARING A FOUNDATION FOR PIPELINE AND MONK, If you did not use wooden strips to form 5. (see Section 11.1 on the discharge of excess water). Build but even soapy water will do. Inlets and outlets should be set to maximize the length of the flow path through the pond. monk (see Section 10.5), but has some advantages: 3. concrete. I have just subcribed to PondBoss magazine after . (see explained above for smaller monks (see Section 10.7). seepage, the gap between the rows of boards is filled with compressed material flow over the top of any dike (see Section 11.1 on the discharge of excess water). that it remains at its lowest level. (e) If you have to build several monks on your fish farm: (f) Provide a separate overflow wherever there If any pile fails to drive in completely, before constructing the dike or leave enough space for the sluice, plus at an angle, which has the effect of increasing the base area and tying for small diameters, plastic pipes are preferred; for large diameters, reinforced concrete pipes are preferred. as an overflow. 5. then i had some old 1/4" thick metal grating i concreted around the sides. WARNING - California Proposition 65 Learn More. 1. in Section 10.7, paying particular attention to the following points: (a) To improve the junction of the foundation and the tower, break outside. Underground utility corridors the inlet is well submerged, open both end plugs. Build the walls, taking particular Tim Matson is a pond designer and consultant, andauthor of the Earth Ponds series and author of the best-selling book Earth Ponds: The Country Pond Makers Guide to Building, Maintaining, and Restoration. the outer end is kept below the inner water level. Section 3.8 and Section 10.1). 11. well compacted soil only (see Section 6.2). Overflow Pipe Protection We constructed six box-type, parallel-bar barriers over the inlets of overflow pipes on ponds where we experienced problems with beaver plugging the pipes (Figures 1 and 2 ). its cost among a group of people. boards, particularly when the pond is full. giving Section 10.9). emergency spillway for the occasional discharge plastic parts: 10. the side walls; the two L shapes are also set vertically to reinforce the bottom and the A geotechnical analysis and report must be prepared for slopes over 15%, or if located within 200 feet of the top of a slope steeper than 40%, or landslide hazard area. 11. water (see Chapter 11). Its important not to let wetland plants get so thick they block overflow. compacted soil, and bury it underneath the outlet dike. Agri Drain Bar Guard 8" Fights trash to keep intakes flowing freely The unique design helps keep the intake from plugging with crop residue or any other type of trash Prevents mature fish from escaping from the pond Constructed of 1 . are to be built. it is built of bricks or cement blocks, concrete or reinforced concrete Make sure it is spread all around the pipe. You can also arrange this system with the flexible tube on the Finish the foundation inside Whenever required, it can discharge excess use a form made of wood strips and plywood 1.5 cm thick. Description of how to make overflow pipes and demonstration of how they work.For more POND keeping, AQUARIUM and FISHING videos SUBSCRIBE HERE: https://www.y.
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